Indasteri ea MIT-Ivy ke khoebo ea lipakeng tsa meriana le lik'hemik'hale tse kopanyang tlhahiso, thekiso le lipatlisiso tsa saense.Ka thepa e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahiso le theknoloji ea tlhahiso, re boloka likamano tse ntle tsa tšebelisano-'moho le litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa saense le liunivesithi tse kholo le tse mahareng.Haholo-holo re kopanela tlhahiso le thekiso ea letoto la intermediates meriana, haholo-holo kalafo ea anti-AIDS, pelo le methapo ea mali le cerebrovascular lithethefatsi, le ho tšehetsa intermediates ea anti-inflammatory drugs.The products of sodium azide, triphenyl chloromethane, L- valine methyl ester hydrochloride e rekisoa lapeng le kantle ho naha.1.Kenyelletso ea li-intermediate tsa meriana Li-intermediate tsa meriana li bolela lihlahisoa tse mahareng tse kang lisebelisoa tse tala, lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa meriana. le lintho tse sebetsang tsa lithethefatsi li hloka ho amohela setifikeiti sa GMP.Li-intermediates tsa meriana, le hoja li sebelisoa tlhahisong ea lithethefatsi, ha e le hantle ke motsoako le tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale.Ke lihlahisoa tsa motheo ka ho fetisisa le tse ka tlaase ho ketane ea tlhahiso ea lithethefatsi 'me li ke ke tsa bitsoa lithethefatsi, kahoo ho ke ke ha hlokahala hore setifikeiti sa GMP. e boetse e fokotsa moeli oa ho kena indastering bakeng sa bahlahisi ba mahareng.Setšoantšo2.Sekhahla sa liindasteri tse mahareng tsa merianaKa tokiso ea sebopeho sa indasteri, phetisetso ea tlhahiso ea linaha tse fapaneng le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea karohano ea machaba ea basebetsi ba lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa machaba tse etsang meriana, China e fetohile setsi sa bohlokoa sa tlhahiso ea lipakeng lefapheng la lefats'e la mesebetsi ea indasteri ea meriana. Ho latela Lipatlisiso Tlaleho e mabapi le Ntlafatso ea Indasteri ea Pharmaceutical Intermediates ea China (2016), ho tloha 2011 ho isa ho 2015, indasteri ea lipakeng tsa meriana ea China le boleng ba eona bo eketsehile selemo le selemo, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo se ka bang 13.5%. ea intermediates meriana Chaena fihla Yuan 422.56 limilione tse likete tse ka 2015, keketseho ea 9.88% selemo ka year.Industry tlhahiso fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 17.2, ho fihlela 10.26 lekholong selemo ka selemo.The dipholo tsa boleng ba indasteri ea meriana intermediates Chaena e tla ba haufi le trilione e le 'ngoe. yuan ka 2020. Setšoantšo3.Litšobotsi tsa indasteri tsa li-intermediates tsa merianaIndasteri e hloka ho ntlafatsoa le ho ntlafatsoa ka potlako: Boemo ba theknoloji ka kakaretso ba China bo ntse bo le tlase haholo, 'me ho na le likhoebo tse fokolang tse hlahisang palo e kholo ea li-intermediate tse tsoetseng pele tsa meriana le li-intermediate tse tšehetsang bakeng sa lithethefatsi tse ncha tse nang le tokelo ea molao, tse ntseng li tsoela pele. mokhahlelo oa ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa lihlahisoa le ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa khoebo.Tlas'a mohlala oa tlhahiso ea tlhahiso, likamano tsa tšebelisano pakeng tsa bareki ba ka sehloohong le bafani ba thepa li batla li tsitsitse, 'me ha tšebelisano e haufi, ho na le tekanyo e phahameng ea tšepo,' me lihlopha tsa tšebelisano-'moho tse fanoang ke bareki ba ka sehloohong li tla ba teng. Ho nka nako e telele ho fetoha. bafani ba thepa.Ka hona, joalo ka khoebo e nang le ho khomarela ka matla, likhoebo tsa indasteri ea meriana li shebane haholo le likhoebo tse tsebahalang tsa kantle ho naha nakong ea hona joale. Hang ha k'hamphani e kena tsamaisong ea mantlha ea barekisi ba linatla tsa meriana, tekanyo ea tlhahiso le phaello e felletseng e ile ea lula e le teng. naha e tsitsitseng hantle.Thepa e tlaase haholo-holo: libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ho romela thepa ea meriana Chaena ke EU, Amerika Leboea, Bochabela bo Hare, Asia Boroa-bochabela, joalo-joalo Thekiso ea naha ea rona e itšetlehile haholo ka vithamine C, penicillin, acetaminophen, citric acid. le matsoai a eona le li-esters, joalo ka thepa, litšoaneleho tsa lihlahisoa ke tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa, likhoebo tsa tlhahiso, tlholisano ea 'maraka e matla, theko ea sehlahisoa le boleng bo ekelitsoeng bo tlase, tlhahiso ea bongata ba tsona e bakile boemo ba marakeng ba meriana ea malapeng. Lihlahisoa tsa theknoloji e phahameng li ntse li rekoa linaheng tse ling.Likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng: the production enterprises boholo ba likhoebo tsa poraefete, ts'ebetso e tenyetsehang, tekanyo ea matsete ha e kholo, ha e le hantle pakeng tsa limilione tse limilione ho isa ho tse limilione tse leshome kapa tse mashome a mabeli tsa yuan. Regional concentration: kabo ea libaka ea likhoebo tsa tlhahiso e batla e tsepamisitsoe, ho pota-pota lifeme tse ngata tse kholo tsa meriana, haholo-holo li ajoa Taizhou, Zhejiang. le Jintan, Jiangsu e le setsi sa sebaka seo.Zhejiang Huangyan, Taizhou, Nanjing Jintan, Shijiazhuang, Jinan (ho kenyeletsoa Zibo), leboea-bochabela (Siping, Fushun) le libaka tse ling tse nang le maemo a matle bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea li-intermediates tsa meriana li tsoetse pele ka potlako haholo. Ntlafatso ea sehlahisoa se potlakileng: hangata sehlahisoa se ba 'marakeng lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho tse 5 hamorao, sekhahla sa phaello se tla theoha haholo, e leng se qobellang likhoebo ho lula li hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ncha kapa ho lula li ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, molemong oa ho boloka phaello e phahameng ea tlhahiso. : hobane phaello ea tlhahiso ea li-intermediate tsa meriana e phahame ho feta eo of lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale, 'me ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea tse peli ha e le hantle e tšoana, likhoebo tse nyenyane tsa lik'hemik'hale tse ntseng li eketseha li kenela tlhahiso ea li-intermediate tsa meriana, e leng se lebisang tlhōlisanong e matla ea ho hloka taolo e ntseng e eketseha indastering.4.Mefuta ea li-intermediate tsa merianaHo na le mefuta e mengata ea li-intermediate tsa meriana, ho kenyelletsa le cephalosporin intermediates, amino acid protectant series, vitamin intermediates, quinolone intermediates, le mefuta e meng ea intermediates, joalo ka meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko, li-intermediate tsa antiepileptic, fluoropyridine intermediates, joalo-joalo. .Ho ea ka masimo a kopo ea bona, li ka aroloa ka li-intermediates tsa lithibela-mafu, li-antipyretic le analgesic drug intermediates, cardiovascular system drug intermediates, anti-cancer drug intermediates joalo-joalo.Hona joale, ho na le lihlahisoa tse ka bang makholo tsa meriana, le kamehla. Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-intermediates tse khethehileng tsa meriana tse kang imidazole, furan, phenolic intermediates, aromatics intermediates, pyrrole, pyridine, reagents biochemical, sulfur, nitrogen, h.metsoako ea alogen, metsoako ea heterocyclic, cellulose ea microcrystalline, starch, mannitol, lactose, dextrin, ethylene glycol, tsoekere e phofshoana, matsoai a inorganic, ethanol intermediates, stearic acid, amino acid le letsoai la ethanol amine, sylvite, letsoai la sodium le li-intermediates tse ling joalo-joalo. Setšoantšo sa 5.Patent CliffHo tloha ka 2000, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa lihlahisoa tsa jeneric o ntse o tsoela pele ho hola ka potlako ho feta mmaraka oa meriana ka kakaretso, o hola ka potlako ho feta habeli ho feta lithethefatsi tse nang le tokelo ea molao.'Maraka oa lefats'e oa lithethefatsi tse tloaelehileng o lebelletsoe ho fihla ho $180 bilione ka 2013, le CAGR ea generic ea lefats'e. 'maraka oa lithethefatsi ho tloha ka 2005 ho isa ho 2013 o lebelletsoe ho fihla ho 14.7%.'Maraka oa lefats'e oa lihlahisoa tsa jeneric o lebelletsoe ho hola ka 10% ho isa ho 14% lilemong tse hlano tse tlang, ka lebelo le leholo ho feta kholo e lebelletsoeng ea 4% ho isa ho 6% bakeng sa indasteri eohle ea meriana. Ho ka boleloa hore nts'etsopele ea 'maraka oa lithethefatsi tse tloaelehileng e tla khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea mahareng ea meriana. Ho tloha ka 2010 ho isa ho 2020, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa meriana o tla tlisa leqhubu le phahameng la ho felloa ke nako ea Patent, har'a ona, ho tloha 2013 ho isa 2020. mefuta ea lefats'e ea ho felloa ke nako ea Patent e tla ba ka karolelano ho feta 200 selemo le selemo, e tsejoang e le "Patent Cliff" lefatšeng ka bophara.eak ka selemo sa 2014, ka kakaretso ea litlhare tse 326 tsa litokelo tsa molao tse felloang ke nako.2010 le 2017 ke lilemo tse peli tsa tlhoro, 'me lithethefatsi tse 205 le 242 li felloa ke nako ka ho latellana.Lithethefatsi tse felloang ke nako ke haholo-holo li-anti-infective, endocrine, tsamaiso ea methapo le lithethefatsi tsa pelo, tse nang le boholo bo boholo ba 'maraka.Ho fela ha nako e kholo ea lithethefatsi tse tsoang linaheng tse ling tse nang le tokelo ea molao ho tla tlisa li-catalysts tse ncha indastering ea meriana ea meriana Chaena.Hobane ka mor'a ho fela ha patent. lithethefatsi, tlhahiso ea lithethefatsi tse amanang le generic e tla phatloha, e leng se tla tsamaisa kholo e potlakileng ea tlhokahalo ea li-intermediate tsa meriana tse amanang.Setšoantšo6.Khatello ea tikolohoChaena e se e ntse e le morekisi ea ka sehloohong oa li-intermediate tsa API, hammoho le tšilafalo e kholo.Bahlahisi ba mahareng ba Pharmaceutical ke ba indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale, ho tla ba le kotsi ea tšilafalo e tsamaellanang.Ho latela lipalo-palo tse tsoang ho Lekala la Tšireletso ea Tikoloho, kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea boleng ba indasteri ea meriana ea malapeng e ka tlase ho karolo ea 3 lekholong ea GDP ea naha, empa kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea tšilafalo e fihla ho karolo ea 6. Har'a mefuta eohle ea lithethefatsi, API e emeloa haholo ke livithamine le penicillin ke ea indasteri ea tšilafalo e phahameng le tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla, e silafatsang moea le metsi haholo-holo ka botebo.Ho ea ka thomello e kopaneng ea Lekala la Tšireletso ea Tikoloho, ka la 15 February, 2017, sehlopha se khethehileng sa tlhahlobo ea boleng ba moea karolong ea pele ea 2017 se phatlalalitse hore khatello ea khatello ea Shijiazhuang e ne e se. sebakeng, 'me mmuso oa setereke o ne o ntse o ipapisitse le Tikolohol Basebeletsi ba Bureau ea ts'ireletso ts'ebetsong ea moralo o boima oa ts'ilafalo ea boemo ba leholimo, ha mafapha a mang a ne a sa ameha ka tekanyo e phahameng. Tšilafalo ea likhoebo tse nyenyane le tse mahareng tse hlahisang li-intermediate tsa meriana Shijiazhuang li tebile.Likhoebo tsa meriana tse nang le theknoloji ea morao-rao li tla jara ditjeho tse phahameng tsa taolo ya tshilafalo le kgatello ya taolo, le dikgwebo tsa setso tsa meriana haholoholo tse hlahisang tshilafatso e phahameng, tshebediso e phahameng ya matla le dihlahiswa tse ekeditsweng ka boleng bo tlase (jwalo ka penicillin, divithamini, jj.) di tla tobana le ho fediswa ka potlako.Ho kgomarela tshebetso ya popontshwa le ho ntshetsa pele thekenoloji e tala ya meriana. e se e le tataiso ea ntshetsopele ya nakong e tlang ya indasteri intermediates meriana.Setshwantsho
7. Baetapele ba indasteri
indasteri ea mit-ivy
Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd.Plo Co., Ltd
Lianhe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.Anhui Bayi Chemical Co. Ltd.Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Specialty Chemicals Co.,Ltd.