Indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ke indasteri e felletseng le e matla ea theknoloji. Ke sebaka se hlahang indastering ea lik'hemik'hale, hape ke se seng sa libaka tse ntseng li hlaha tse matla ka ho fetisisa indastering ea lik'hemik'hale kajeno. Ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea thepa e ncha. Lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale li na le mefuta e mengata, boleng bo phahameng bo ekelitsoeng, ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng le khokahano e kholo ea indasteri, e sebeletsang ka kotloloho liindasteri tse ngata tsa moruo oa naha le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa indasteri ea theknoloji e phahameng.

一.精细化工行业概况

(1) Ho aroloa ha indasteri

Indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale hangata e arotsoe ka indasteri ea khale e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale le indasteri e ncha e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ho latela likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso. Har'a bona, lihlahisoa tsa moemeli oa lik'hemik'hale tse ntle tsa setso ke chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, li-dyes le liphahlo, joalo-joalo, tse ntseng li hōlile tsoelo-pele. Lik'hemik'hale tse ncha tse ntle haholo li kenyelletsa li-additives tsa lijo, likhomaretsi, lisebelisoa tsa khase, li-surfactants, li-additives tsa petrochemical, lik'hemik'hale tsa baeloji, lik'hemik'hale tsa elektroniki joalo-joalo. Lintlha ke tse latelang:

(2) Litšobotsi tsa sehlahisoa

Lik'hemik'hale tse ntle li tla ka mefuta e mengata, ho kenyelletsa le metsoako ea tlhaho, metsoako ea organic, polymers le metsoako ea tsona. Litšobotsi tse tloaelehileng tsa theknoloji ea tlhahiso ke:

(3) maano a amanang le indasteri

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mmuso o fane ka maano a ho tšehetsa indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele e tala, khabone e tlase le e chitja. Ka Hlakubele 2021, Moralo oa bo-14 oa Lilemo tse Hlano o ile oa amoheloa ke Seboka sa Bone sa Khonkerese ea Naha ea Batho ea bo-13, e sisinyang ho matlafatsa biotechnology, lisebelisoa tse ncha, ts'ireletso e tala ea tikoloho le liindasteri tse ling, ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea lihlopha tse tsoetseng pele tsa tlhahiso, ho potlakisa botala, ntshetsopele ya khabone e tlase le e chitja, le ho ntlafatsa ka botlalo ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa. Melaoana e ka holimo e khothalletsa ka katleho tsoelo-pele e phetseng hantle le e potlakileng ea indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale le moruo o chitja. Melao le likahare tse ikhethileng ke tse latelang:

二.Maemo a Marakeng

(1) Boholo ba 'maraka

China e nka bohlokoa bo boholo ho nts'etsopele ea indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale, e fetohileng e 'ngoe ea litaelo tsa bohlokoa tsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale hajoale. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa Ofisi ea Naha ea Lipalopalo, kakaretso ea boleng ba indasteri ea indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale e eketsehile ho tloha ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 1,267.421 ka 2008 ho ea ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 4,3990.50 ka 2017, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo ea 14.83%. Ho ea ka boitsebiso ba sechaba, kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ea Chaena ka 2021 e feta li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 5.5, 'me e lebelletsoe ho feta li-yuan tse libilione tse 11 ka 2027. Sekhahla sa indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale United States, European Union le Japane li haufi. ho isa kapa ho feta 60%, mme China e rera ho nyolla sekhahla ho 55% ka 2025.

(2) Tlhahlobo ea likarolo tsa 'maraka

1. Boholo ba 'maraka oa indasteri

Ho tloha ha ho etsoa tokiso le ho bula, tse susumetsoang ke leano la naha le nts'etsopele ea temo, indasteri ea naha ea rona ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e hatetse pele haholo. Hammoho le kholo e butle-butle ea tsamaiso ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale ea lehae le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea ts'ebeliso ea katoloso ea mahlale a temo le thekenoloji, indasteri ea rona ea meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana e thehile sekhahla se seholo. Hajoale, indasteri ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea Chaena e thehile tsamaiso ea indasteri e batlang e phethehile ho kenyelletsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea mahlale, lisebelisoa tse tala, li-intermediate, tlhahiso e sebetsang ea lithethefatsi le ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa. Ho na le likhoebo tse fetang 2,000 tsa tlhahiso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, ho kopanyelletsa le likhoebo tse sebetsang tsa lithethefatsi tse fetang 500 le likhoebo tse fetang 1,500 tsa ho lokisa, tse ka hlahisang mefuta e fetang 700 ea meriana e sebetsang le mefuta e fetang 40,000 ea ho lokisa. Ka nako e tsoanang ho ea kopana le litlhoko tsa temo ea lapeng, empa hape le marakeng ea machaba e nka boemo ba bohlokoa. Setsi sa Patlisiso ea Indasteri ea Khoebo ea Chaena se bolela esale pele hore lekhetho la thekiso ea indasteri ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea China le tla fihla ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 262.33 ka 2023.