Sehlopha sa Cyano se na le polarity e matla le ho monya lielektrone, kahoo se ka teba ka hare ho protheine e reretsoeng ho etsa maqhama a haedrojene le masala a bohlokoa a amino acid sebakeng se sebetsang. Ka nako e ts'oanang, sehlopha sa cyano ke 'mele oa bioelectronic isosteric oa carbonyl, halogen le lihlopha tse ling tse sebetsang, tse ka ntlafatsang tšebelisano lipakeng tsa limolek'hule tse nyane tsa lithethefatsi le liprotheine tse reretsoeng, kahoo se sebelisoa haholo phetohong ea sebopeho sa meriana le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana [1]. Cyano e emelang e nang le meriana ea bongaka e kenyelletsa saxagliptin (Setšoantšo sa 1), verapamil, febuxostat, jj; Meriana ea temo e kenyelletsa bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil le tse ling. Ho phaella moo, metsoako ea cyano le eona e na le bohlokoa ba ts'ebeliso masimong a monko o monate, thepa e sebetsang le tse ling. Mohlala, Citronitrile ke monko o mocha oa machaba oa nitrile, 'me 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile ke thepa ea bohlokoa e tala bakeng sa ho lokisa lisebelisoa tsa kristale ea metsi. Ho ka bonoa hore metsoako ea cyano e sebelisoa haholo masimong a fapaneng ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang [2].

Sehlopha sa Cyano se na le polarity e matla le ho monya lielektrone, kahoo se ka teba ka hare ho protheine e reretsoeng ho etsa maqhama a haedrojene le masala a bohlokoa a amino acid sebakeng se sebetsang. Ka nako e ts'oanang, sehlopha sa cyano ke 'mele oa bioelectronic isosteric oa carbonyl, halogen le lihlopha tse ling tse sebetsang, tse ka ntlafatsang tšebelisano lipakeng tsa limolek'hule tse nyane tsa lithethefatsi le liprotheine tse reretsoeng, kahoo se sebelisoa haholo phetohong ea sebopeho sa meriana le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana [1]. Cyano e emelang e nang le meriana ea bongaka e kenyelletsa saxagliptin (Setšoantšo sa 1), verapamil, febuxostat, jj; Meriana ea temo e kenyelletsa bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil le tse ling. Ho phaella moo, metsoako ea cyano le eona e na le bohlokoa ba ts'ebeliso masimong a monko o monate, thepa e sebetsang le tse ling. Mohlala, Citronitrile ke monko o mocha oa machaba oa nitrile, 'me 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile ke thepa ea bohlokoa e tala bakeng sa ho lokisa lisebelisoa tsa kristale ea metsi. Ho ka bonoa hore metsoako ea cyano e sebelisoa haholo masimong a fapaneng ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang [2].

2.2 karabelo ea electrophilic cyanidation ea enol boride

Sehlopha sa Kensuke Kiyokawa [4] se sebelisitse li-reagent tsa cyanide n-cyano-n-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) le p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (tscn) ho fihlella cyanidation ea electrophilic e sebetsang hantle ea metsoako ea enol boron (Setšoantšo sa 3). Ka morero ona o mocha, β- Acetonitrile e fapaneng, 'me e na le mefuta e mengata ea li-substrate.

2.3 karabelo ea li-ketone tsa catalytic stereoselective silico cyanide ea organic

Haufinyane tjena, sehlopha sa lenane la Benjamin [5] se tlalehile koranteng ya Nature ka phapang ya enantiomeric ya 2-butanone (Setshwantsho sa 4a) le karabelo ya cyanide e sa lekanang ya 2-butanone ka dienzyme, di-catalyst tsa organic le di-catalyst tsa transition metal, ho sebediswa HCN kapa tmscn e le reagent ya cyanide (Setshwantsho sa 4b). Ka tmscn e le reagent ya cyanide, 2-butanone le mefuta e mengata ya di-ketone tse ding di ile tsa etswa dikarabelo tsa silyl cyanide tse nang le enantioselective haholo tlasa maemo a catalytic a idpi (Setshwantsho sa 4C).

Setšoantšo sa 4 A, phapang ea enantiomeric ea 2-butanone. b. Ho se leka-lekane ha cyanidation ea 2-butanone ka li-enzyme, li-catalyst tsa tlhaho le li-catalyst tsa tšepe ea phetoho.

c. Idpi e susumetsa karabelo ea silyl cyanide e khethang haholo ea 2-butanone le mefuta e mengata ea li-ketone tse ling.

2.4 ho fokotsa cyanidation ea aldehydes

Ha ho etsoa lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho, tosmic e tala e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa cyanide ho fetolela li-aldehyde tse thibetsoeng habonolo hore e be li-nitrile. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa hape ho kenya athomo e eketsehileng ea carbon ho ba li-aldehyde le li-ketone. Mokhoa ona o na le bohlokoa bo hahang ho Enantiospecific kakaretso ea jiadifenolide 'me ke mohato oa bohlokoa ho etseng lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho, joalo ka ho etsoa ha lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho tse kang clerodane, caribenol A le caribenol B [6] (Setšoantšo sa 5).

2.5 karabelo ea cyanide ea electrochemical ea amine ea tlhaho

Jwalo ka theknoloji ya ho kopanya e tala, ho kopanya dikhemikhale tsa manyolo ka dimela ho sebedisitsoe haholo mafapheng a fapaneng a ho kopanya dimela ka dimela. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bafuputsi ba bangata ba e ela hloko. Sehlopha sa PrashanthW. Menezes [7] se sa tswa tlaleha hore amine e nkhang hamonate kapa amine ya aliphatic e ka oxidized ka ho toba ho metsoako e tsamaellanang ya cyano ka hara tharollo ya 1m KOH (ntle le ho eketsa reagent ya cyanide) ka bokgoni bo sa fetoheng ba 1.49vrhe ho sebediswa catalyst ya Ni2Si e theko e tlase, e nang le chai e ngata (Setshwantsho sa 6).

Kakaretso ea 03

Ho hlahisa cyanidation ke karabelo ea bohlokoa haholo ea tlhahiso ea lintho tse phelang. Ho qala ka mohopolo oa k'hemistri e tala, li-reagent tsa cyanide tse sireletsang tikoloho li sebelisoa ho nkela li-reagent tsa cyanide tse chefo le tse kotsi tsa setso sebaka, 'me mekhoa e mecha e kang mahlaseli a se nang solvent, a sa kenelletseng le a microwave a sebelisoa ho atolosa boholo le botebo ba lipatlisiso, e le ho hlahisa melemo e meholo ea moruo, ea sechaba le ea tikoloho tlhahisong ea indasteri [8]. Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea lipatlisiso tsa mahlale, karabelo ea cyanide e tla tsoela pele ho ea ho chai e ngata, moruo le k'hemistri e tala.