Sehlopha sa Cyano se na le polarity e matla le ho kenngoa ha elektronike, kahoo e ka kena ka hare ho protheine e lebisitsoeng ho theha likamano tsa haedrojene tse nang le masala a bohlokoa a amino acid sebakeng se sebetsang. Ka nako e ts'oanang, sehlopha sa cyano ke 'mele oa bioelectronic isosteric oa carbonyl, halogen le lihlopha tse ling tse sebetsang, tse ka ntlafatsang tšebelisano pakeng tsa limolek'hule tse nyenyane tsa lithethefatsi le liprotheine tse lebisitsoeng, kahoo e sebelisoa haholo ho fetola sebopeho sa meriana le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana [1] . Cyano ea moemeli e nang le lithethefatsi tsa bongaka e kenyelletsa saxagliptin (Setšoantšo sa 1), verapamil, febuxostat, joalo-joalo; Lithethefatsi tsa temo li kenyelletsa bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil joalo-joalo. Ho phaella moo, metsoako ea cyano e boetse e na le bohlokoa ba kopo ea bohlokoa masimong a monko o monate, lisebelisoa tse sebetsang joalo-joalo. Ka mohlala, Citronitrile ke monko o mocha oa machaba oa nitrile, 'me 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile ke thepa ea bohlokoa e tala bakeng sa ho lokisetsa lisebelisoa tsa kristale tsa metsi. Ho ka bonoa hore metsoako ea cyano e sebelisoa haholo libakeng tse fapaneng ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang [2].

Sehlopha sa Cyano se na le polarity e matla le ho kenngoa ha elektronike, kahoo e ka kena ka hare ho protheine e lebisitsoeng ho theha likamano tsa haedrojene tse nang le masala a bohlokoa a amino acid sebakeng se sebetsang. Ka nako e ts'oanang, sehlopha sa cyano ke 'mele oa bioelectronic isosteric oa carbonyl, halogen le lihlopha tse ling tse sebetsang, tse ka ntlafatsang tšebelisano pakeng tsa limolek'hule tse nyenyane tsa lithethefatsi le liprotheine tse lebisitsoeng, kahoo e sebelisoa haholo ho fetola sebopeho sa meriana le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana [1] . Cyano ea moemeli e nang le lithethefatsi tsa bongaka e kenyelletsa saxagliptin (Setšoantšo sa 1), verapamil, febuxostat, joalo-joalo; Lithethefatsi tsa temo li kenyelletsa bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil joalo-joalo. Ho phaella moo, metsoako ea cyano e boetse e na le bohlokoa ba kopo ea bohlokoa masimong a monko o monate, lisebelisoa tse sebetsang joalo-joalo. Ka mohlala, Citronitrile ke monko o mocha oa machaba oa nitrile, 'me 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile ke thepa ea bohlokoa e tala bakeng sa ho lokisetsa lisebelisoa tsa kristale tsa metsi. Ho ka bonoa hore metsoako ea cyano e sebelisoa haholo libakeng tse fapaneng ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang [2].

2.2 electrophilic cyanidation reaction ea enol boride

Sehlopha sa Kensuke Kiyokawa [4] se sebelisitse li-reagents tsa cyanide n-cyano-n-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) le p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (tscn) ho finyella katleho e phahameng ea electrophilic cyanidation ea enol boron metsoako (Setšoantšo sa 3). Ka morero ona o mocha, β- Acetonitrile e fapaneng, 'me e na le mefuta e mengata ea li-substrates.

2.3 organic catalytic stereoselective silico cyanide reaction of ketones

Haufinyane tjena, sehlopha sa lenane la Benjamin [5] se tlalehile koranteng ea Nature phapang ea enantiomeric ea 2-butanone (Setšoantšo sa 4a) le karabelo ea asymmetric cyanide ea 2-butanone e nang le li-enzyme, li-catalysts tsa organic le li-catalyst tsa tšepe tsa phetoho, li sebelisa HCN kapa tmscn joalo ka cyanide reagent. (Setšoantšo sa 4b). Ka tmscn e le reagent ea cyanide, 2-butanone le mefuta e mengata ea li-ketones li ne li le tlas'a karabelo e phahameng ea enantioselective silyl cyanide tlas'a maemo a susumetsang a idpi (Setšoantšo sa 4C).

Setšoantšo sa 4 A, phapang ea enantiomeric ea 2-butanone. b. Asymmetric cyanidation ea 2-butanone e nang le li-enzyme, li-organic catalysts le li-catalyst tsa tšepe tsa phetoho.

c. Idpi e susumetsa karabelo e phahameng ea enantioselective silyl cyanide ea 2-butanone le mefuta e mengata ea li-ketone.

2.4 reductive cyanidation ea aldehydes

Ha ho etsoa lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho, tosmic e tala e sebelisoa e le reagent ea cyanide ho fetolela li-aldehyde tse thibetsoeng habonolo hore e be nitriles. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa hape ho hlahisa athomo e eketsehileng ea khabone ho aldehydes le ketone. Mokhoa ona o na le bohlokoa bo hahang ho Enantiospecific total synthesis ea jiadifenolide 'me ke mohato o ka sehloohong oa ho kopanya lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho, tse kang motsoako oa lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho tse kang clerodane, caribenol A le caribenol B [6] (Setšoantšo sa 5).

2.5 karabelo ea electrochemical cyanide ea organic amine

Joalo ka thekenoloji ea tlhaho e tala, motsoako oa organic electrochemical synthesis o sebelisitsoe haholo mafapheng a fapaneng a organic synthesis. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bafuputsi ba bangata ba e ela hloko. PrashanthW. Sehlopha sa Menezes [7] sa tsoa tlaleha hore amine e nkhang hamonate kapa aliphatic amine e ka kenngoa ka ho toba ho metsoako ea cyano ka tharollo ea 1m KOH (ntle le ho eketsa reagent ea cyanide) e nang le bokhoni bo sa feleng ba 1.49vrhe e sebelisang Ni2Si catalyst e theko e tlaase, e nang le chai e ngata (Setšoantšo sa 6) .

03 kakaretso

Cyanidation ke karabelo ea bohlokoa haholo ea organic synthesis. Ho qala ka khopolo ea k'hemistri e tala, li-reagents tsa cyanide tse nang le botsoalle li sebelisoa ho nkela li-reagents tsa chefo le tse kotsi tsa cyanide sebaka, 'me mekhoa e mecha e kang mahlaseli a se nang solvent, non catalytic le microwave e sebelisoa ho atolosa boholo le botebo ba lipatlisiso. e le ho hlahisa melemo e meholo ea moruo, ea sechaba le ea tikoloho tlhahisong ea indasteri [8]. Ka tsoelopele e tsoelang pele ea lipatlisiso tsa mahlale, karabelo ea cyanide e tla hola ho ea ho chai e ngata, moruo le k'hemistri e tala.