Indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle ke lebitso le akaretsang la tlhahiso ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle, e bitsoang "lik'hemik'hale tse ntle", 'me lihlahisoa tsa eona li boetse li bitsoa lik'hemik'hale tse ntle kapa lik'hemik'hale tse khethehileng.

Karolo e bohareng ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle e fumaneha karolong e ka pele ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle. Mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho tsoela pele ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale. Lisebelisoa tsa eona tse latelang li kenyelletsa: thepa e utloang mocheso, polasetiki e khethehileng ea boenjiniere, lisebelisoa tsa khatiso le ho daea masela, lik'hemik'hale tsa letlalo, li-polymer tsa maemo a holimo le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, lidae tse sebetsang, jj.

Indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse mahareng e khetholloa ka lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele e potlakileng, tekanyo e tlase ea sehlahisoa se le seng, le kamano e matla ea theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse amanang.
Ho ya ka pono ya ntshetsopele ya dihlahiswa tsa indasteri tse fetileng, hang ha tshebediso e tlase ya dihlahiswa tse mahareng e tiisitswe, lebelo la ho phahamiswa ha mmaraka le tla ba kapele haholo.

Ka lebaka la theknoloji e rarahaneng ea tlhahiso, ts'ebetso e telele le lebelo le potlakileng la ntlafatso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, meriana le lihlahisoa tse ling tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale, ha ho khoebo e ka bolokang monyetla oa litšenyehelo tse lekanyelitsoeng khokahanong eohle ea nts'etsopele, tlhahiso le thekiso.

Likhamphani tsa machaba tsa machaba li sebelisa ka botlalo mehloli ea lefats'e, ka hona, ho ba le chelete e ngata, ho beha bocha, ho hlophisa, mehloli ea ketane ea indasteri, li tsepamisa maikutlo haholo lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele le thekisong, 'me li fetisetsa ketane ea indasteri ea tlhahiso linaheng tse nang le melemo ea litšenyehelo tse lekanyelitsoeng le motheo oa theknoloji, joalo ka Chaena, India ebe li hlahisoa linaheng tsena li shebana le likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea lipakeng.

Mothating oa pele oa nts'etsopele ea indasteri, Chaena e ne e khona ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse 'maloa tsa motheo tse mahareng feela, 'me tlhahiso e ne e sa khone ho fihlela litlhoko tsa lehae.

Kaha boemo ba indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale lilemong tsa morao tjena e bile tšehetso e matla, ho tloha lipatlisisong tsa saense le nts'etsopele ho ea tlhahisong le thekisong ea indasteri e mahareng Chaena ho thehile sete ea sistimi e felletseng, e ka hlahisa lihlahisoa tse mahareng tse kang meriana e mahareng, lidae tse mahareng, li-pesticide tse mahareng tsa lihlopha tse 36, kakaretso ea mefuta e fetang 40000 ea lihlahisoa tse mahareng, ho phaella ho khotsofatsa tlhoko ea lehae, e boetse e na le palo e kholo ea thepa e romeloang kantle ho naha ho ea linaheng tse fetang 30 le libaka.

Li-export tsa selemo le selemo tsa China tsa dihlahiswa tse mahareng di feta ditone tse dimilione tse 5, e se e le tlhahiso le thepa e mahareng e kgolo ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, indasteri ea Chaena ea ho kopanya dae e ntlafetse ka potlako, 'me e se e le mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oa ho kopanya dae, e etellang pele mehloling, holimo le tlase ho ketane ea indasteri, thepa le lipalangoang, lisebelisoa tsa tšireletso ea tikoloho le likarolo tse ling, ka kholo e phahameng ea 'maraka.

Leha ho le jwalo, tlasa tshusumetso ya kgatello e ntseng e eketseha ya tikoloho, boholo ba bahlahisi ba banyenyane le ba mahareng ba boholo bo mahareng ha ba kgone ho boloka tlhahiso le tshebetso e tlwaelehileng ka lebaka la bokgoni bo sa lekaneng ba taolo ya tšilafalo, mme ba dula ba fokotsa tlhahiso, ba emisa tlhahiso kapa ba tima ka ho feletseng. Mokgwa wa tlholisano ya mmaraka o fetoha butle-butle ho tloha tlholisanong e sa laoleheng ho ya ho bahlahisi ba baholo ba boleng bo hodimo.

Mokhoa oa ho kopanya ketane ea indasteri o hlaha indastering. Likhoebo tse kholo tsa dae-intermediate li atoloha butle-butle ho ea indastering ea dae-intermediate e theohelang, ha likhoebo tse kholo tsa dae-intermediate li atoloha ho ea indastering ea dae-intermediate e holimo.

Ho phaella moo, di-intermediate tsa dae di kenyeletsa mefuta e mengata ya dihlahiswa, bahlahisi ba bangata ba na le dihlahiswa tsa bona tse ikgethang tsa intermediate, haeba ho na le theknoloji e tswetseng pele ya tlhahiso sehlahisweng se le seng, matla a ho buisana indastering hodima sehlahiswa se le seng a ka eketswa haholo.

Bakhanni ba indasteri

(1) Menyetla e meholo bakeng sa phetisetso ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale ea machabeng e ntle
Ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea karohano ea basebetsi ea indasteri lefatšeng, ketane ea indasteri ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle le eona e hlahile e arotsoe ka mekhahlelo ea basebetsi.
Theknoloji eohle e ntle ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, khokahano e telele, lebelo la ntlafatso, esita le lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa machaba li ke ke tsa tseba lipatlisiso tsohle le nts'etsopele le tlhahiso ea theknoloji eohle le khokahano, ka hona, boholo ba tataiso e ntle ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale ho tloha "ho e-na le" butle-butle ho ea "e nyane empa e le ntle", li loanela ho tebisa boemo ba eona ka nako e telele ketane ea indasteri.
E le ho ntlafatsa bokgoni ba motse-moholo, e shebane le tlholisano ea mantlha ea ka hare, e ntlafatsa lebelo la karabelo ea 'maraka, e ntlafatse kabo ea bokhoni ba lisebelisoa le lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa naha ho beha bocha, ho hlophisa, lisebelisoa tsa ketane ea indasteri, e tla ba sepheo sa leano la sehlahisoa ho tsepamisa maikutlo lipatlisisong tsa ho qetela tsa sehlahisoa le nts'etsopele ea' maraka, le tlhahiso ea khokahano e le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa ho ea ho e tsoetseng pele haholoanyane, e bapisoang haholoanyane ea khoebo e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse mahareng.

Phetisetso ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle ea machaba e tlisitse menyetla e meholo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa Chaena.

(2) Tšehetso e matla ho tsoa maano a indasteri a naha
Chaena esale e nka bohlokoa bo boholo ntshetsopeleng ya indasteri ya dikhemikhale tse ntle. Bukana ya Tataiso ya Ntjhafatso ya Diindasteri (kgatiso ya 2011) (Phetoho) e ntshitsweng ke Khomishene ya Ntshetsopele le Ntlafatso ya Naha ka la 16 Hlakola 2013 e thathamisitse tlhahiso e hlwekileng ya didae le di-intermediate tsa dae e le mahlale a kgothalletswang ke mmuso.
"Liqeto tse thata haholo - le liphello tse mpe - ho rala" li sisintse "ts'ebeliso ea tlhahiso e hloekileng le theknoloji e 'ngoe e tsoetseng pele ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso tse teng, ho fokotsa tšebeliso, ho fokotsa mosi o tsoang, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni bo felletseng ba tlholisano le bokhoni ba nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng" le "ho matlafatsa lidae le li-intermediate tsa tsona tsa theknoloji ea tlhahiso e hloekileng le tse tsoetseng pele tse sebetsang" litšila tse tharo "lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea kalafo le ts'ebeliso, ho ntlafatsa theknoloji ea ts'ebeliso ea dae le thuso, ho phahamisa boemo ba boleng ba ts'ebeletso indastering ea dae".
Indasteri e mahareng ea dae ea lik'hemik'hale e ntle ea khoebo e ka sehloohong ea k'hamphani ke ea tšehetso ea leano la naha la indasteri e kholo, e tla khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ho isa bohōleng bo itseng.

(3) Indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ea Chaena e na le monyetla o moholo oa tlholisano
Ka ho teba ha karohano ea lefats'e ea basebetsi le phetisetso ea indasteri, ha e bapisoa le linaha tse tsoetseng pele, linaha tse tsoelang pele, haholo-holo Chaena, li tla bontša melemo e mengata ea litšenyehelo, ho kenyeletsoa:
Molemo oa litšenyehelo tsa matsete: Kamora lilemo tsa nts'etsopele, Chaena e thehile sistimi ea indasteri e seng e holile. Litšenyehelo tsa ho reka lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale, ho kenya, ho haha ​​​​le lintho tse ling tse kenang li tlase ho feta tsa linaha tse tsoetseng pele.
Molemo oa litšenyehelo tsa thepa e tala: Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa Chaena li fihletse boikemelo esita le boemo ba phepelo e feteletseng, li ka netefatsa phepelo ea lisebelisoa tse tala tse theko e tlase;
Melemo ea litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi: Ha ho bapisoa le linaha tse tsoetseng pele, basebetsi ba r&d le basebetsi ba indasteri ba Chaena ba lefa sekheo se seholo ho linaha tse tsoetseng pele.

(4) Maemo a tšireletso ea tikoloho a ntse a thatafala haholo 'me likhoebo tse sa sebetseng hantle lia felisoa
Tikoloho e ntle ea tikoloho ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea moruo oa naha. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mmuso o hlahisitse litlhoko tse phahameng tsa tšireletso ea tikoloho le litekanyetso tse thata tsa tšireletso ea tikoloho.
Metsi a litšila, khase e litšila le litšila tse tiileng tse hlahisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle li tla ba le tšusumetso e itseng tikolohong ea tikoloho. Ka hona, likhoebo tsa lik'hemik'hale tse ntle li tlameha ho ela hloko tšireletso ea tikoloho, ho laola tšilafalo e teng ka katleho, le ho kenya tšebetsong ka tieo litekanyetso tse amehang tsa naha tsa ho ntša mosi.
Ntlafatso ea litlhoko tsa tšireletso ea tikoloho e thusa indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale ho matlafatsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tse sireletsang tikoloho, ho ntlafatsa tlholisano ea lihlahisoa, ho felisa likhoebo tse sa sebetseng hantle, e le ho etsa hore indasteri e be le tlholisano e hlophisehileng haholoanyane.