Indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle ke lebitso le akaretsang la tlhahiso ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle, tse bitsoang "lik'hemik'hale tse ntle", 'me lihlahisoa tsa eona li boetse li bitsoa lik'hemik'hale tse ntle kapa lik'hemik'hale tse khethehileng.

Indasteri e bohareng ea indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale e qetellong ea indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale. Mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho tsoela pele ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale. Lisebelisoa tsa eona tse ka tlase ho metsi li kenyelletsa: lisebelisoa tse nang le mocheso o matla, lipolasetiki tse khethehileng tsa boenjiniere, lisebelisoa tsa khatiso ea masela le ho daea, lik'hemik'hale tsa letlalo, li-polymers tsa boemo bo holimo le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, lidae tse sebetsang, joalo-joalo.

Indasteri ea lipakeng tsa indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale e tšoauoa ka lipatlisiso tse potlakileng le nts'etsopele, tekanyo e tlase ea sehlahisoa se le seng, le khokahano e matla ea theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse amanang.
Ho ea ka pono ea tsoelo-pele ea lihlahisoa tsa indasteri ea nakong e fetileng, hang ha ts'ebeliso e tlaase ea lihlahisoa tse bohareng e tiisitsoe, lebelo la ho phahamisa 'maraka le tla potlaka haholo.

Ka lebaka la theknoloji e rarahaneng ea tlhahiso, ts'ebetso e telele le ho potlakisa lebelo la chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, meriana le lihlahisoa tse ling tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale, ha ho na khoebo e ka bolokang phaello e lekanyelitsoeng molemong oa nts'etsopele, tlhahiso le thekiso.

Likhamphani tsa machaba tsa machaba li nka monyetla ka botlalo ba lisebelisoa tsa lefats'e, ka hona, lichelete, ho beoa bocha, tlhophiso, lisebelisoa tsa ketane ea indasteri, li tsepamisitse maikutlo holima lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele le thekiso, 'me li fetisetsa ketane ea tlhahiso ea indasteri linaheng tse nang le melemo ea litšenyehelo le mahlale. base, tse kang China, India 'me joale hlahisoa linaheng tsena tsepamisa maikutlo ho intermediates tlhahiso likhoebo.

Qalong ea tsoelo-pele ea indasteri, Chaena e ne e ka hlahisa lihlahisoa tse seng kae feela tsa motheo tsa mahareng, 'me tlhahiso e ne e ke ke ea finyella litlhoko tsa malapeng.

Ha boemo ba indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale lilemong tsa morao tjena e bile tšehetso e matla, ho tloha lipatlisisong tsa mahlale le nts'etsopele ho isa tlhahiso le thekiso ea indasteri e mahareng naheng ea China e thehile sete ea sistimi e batlang e phethehile, e ka hlahisa lihlahisoa tse mahareng tse kang li-intermediates tsa meriana, lidae. intermediates, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana intermediates 36 mekhahlelo kakaretso ea mefuta e fetang 40000 ea lihlahisoa tse mahareng, ho phaella ho kopana le tlhokahalo ea malapeng, e boetse ke palo e khōlō ea diyantle ho lefatše ho feta 30 linaha le libaka.

Lihlahisoa tsa China tsa selemo le selemo tsa li-intermediate li feta lithane tse limilione tse 5, e se e le eona e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea tlhahiso le thepa ea kantle ho naha.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, indasteri ea dae ea China e tsoetse pele ka potlako, 'me e fetohile mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oa li-intermediates tsa dae, tse lebisang mehloling, holimo le tlaase ho ketane ea indasteri, thepa le lipalangoang, thepa ea tšireletso ea tikoloho le likarolo tse ling, ka kholo e phahameng ea' maraka. .

Leha ho le joalo, tlas'a tšusumetso ea khatello e ntseng e eketseha ea tikoloho, bahlahisi ba bangata ba banyenyane le ba mahareng ba mahareng ha ba khone ho boloka tlhahiso le ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ka lebaka la bokhoni bo sa lekaneng ba ho laola tšilafalo, 'me ba lula ba fokotsa tlhahiso, ba emisa tlhahiso kapa ba koala ka botlalo. Mokhoa oa tlholisano ea 'maraka butle-butle o fetoha ho tloha tlholisanong e sa laoleheng ho ea ho bahlahisi ba phahameng ba boleng bo holimo.

Mokhoa oa ho kopanya ketane ea indasteri o hlaha indastering. Likhoebo tse kholo tsa dae tse bohareng butle-butle li atolohela indastering e bohareng ea dae, athe likhoebo tse kholo tse bohareng ba dae li atoloha ho ea indastering e bohareng ea noka.

Ho phaella moo, li-intermediate tsa dae li kenyelletsa lihlahisoa tse ngata, bahlahisi ba bangata ba na le lihlahisoa tsa bona tse ikhethang tse ka hare, haeba ho na le theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa sehlahisoa se le seng, matla a ho buisana le indasteri ka sehlahisoa se le seng a ka eketseha haholo.

Bakhanni ba indasteri

(1) Menyetla e meholo ea phetisetso ea indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ea machaba
Ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea karohano ea basebetsi lefatšeng ka bophara, indasteri ea indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale le eona e hlahile karohano ea basebetsi.
Theknoloji eohle e ntle ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, e hokahanya nako e telele, ho ntlafatsa lebelo, esita le lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa machaba li ke ke tsa khona ho etsa lipatlisiso tsohle le nts'etsopele le tlhahiso ea theknoloji eohle le ho hokahanya, ka hona, boholo ba lik'hemik'hale tse ntle tsa indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tsa nts'etsopele ho tloha "ho e-na le" butle-butle. ho "tse nyenyane empa tse ntle", loanela ho longitudinal tebisa boemo ba eona ka ketane ea indasteri.
Bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea chelete, e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tlholisano ea mantlha ea kahare, ho ntlafatsa lebelo la karabelo ea 'maraka, ho ntlafatsa kabo ea lisebelisoa hantle le lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa naha ho beha maemo, tlhophiso, lisebelisoa tsa ketane ea indasteri, e tla ba sepheo sa sehlahisoa. leano la ho tsepamisa maikutlo lipatlisisong tsa ho qetela tsa sehlahisoa le nts'etsopele ea mebaraka, le tlhahiso ea likhokahano tse le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa ho isa molemong o tsoetseng pele, o bapisoang oa khoebo e ntle ea lihlahisoa tsa mahareng tsa lik'hemik'hale.

Phetisetso ea indasteri e ntle ea machaba ea lik'hemik'hale e tlisitse menyetla e meholo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lihlahisoa tse mahareng tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa China.

(2) Tšehetso e matla ho tsoa ho maano a naha a indasteri
China e 'nile ea khomarela bohlokoa bo boholo ho nts'etsopele ea indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale.The Guideline Catalog for Industrial Restructuring (2011 edition) (Amendment) e fanoeng ke National Development and Reform Commission on February 16, 2013 thated the cleaner production of dyes and dae intermediates as mahlale a khothatsoang ke mmuso.
"Likhetho tse matla haholo-le litlamorao tse mpe tsa moralo" li khothalelitse "ts'ebeliso ea tlhahiso e hloekileng le theknoloji e 'ngoe e tsoetseng pele ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tse teng tsa tlhahiso, tšebeliso e tlase, ho fokotsa mesi, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni bo felletseng ba tlholisano le bokhoni ba nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng" le "ho matlafatsa li-dyes le li-intermediates tsa bona tsa theknoloji ea tlhahiso e hloekileng le e tsoetseng pele e sebetsang "litšila tse tharo" lipatlisiso tsa theknoloji ea phekolo le nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso, ho ntlafatsa theknoloji ea kopo ea dae le ho thusa, ho phahamisa boemo ba boleng ba tšebeletso indastering ea dae".
Indasteri e ntle ea dyestuff intermediates ea lik'hemik'hale ea khoebo e kholo ea k'hamphani ke ea sebaka sa ts'ehetso ea leano la naha la macro-indasteri, e tla khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ho isa bohōleng bo itseng.

(3) Indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ea Chaena e na le monyetla o matla oa tlholisano
Ka ho teba ho hoholo ha karohano ea lefats'e ea mesebetsi le phetisetso ea indasteri, ha e bapisoa le linaha tse tsoetseng pele, linaha tse tsoelang pele, haholo China, li tla bonts'a melemo e mengata ea litšenyehelo, ho kenyelletsa:
Molemo oa litšenyehelo tsa matsete: Kamora lilemo tsa nts'etsopele, China e thehile sistimi e batlang e holile ea indasteri. Litšenyehelo tsa ho reka thepa ea lik'hemik'hale, ho kenya, ho haha ​​le lisebelisoa tse ling li tlaase ho feta tsa linaha tse tsoetseng pele.
Molemo oa litšenyehelo tsa thepa e tala: Lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa Chaena li fihletse ho iphelisa esita le boemo ba ho feta, li ka tiisa phepelo ea thepa e tala ea theko e tlaase;
Monyetla oa litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi: Ha ho bapisoa le linaha tse tsoetseng pele, basebetsi ba r&d ba China le basebetsi ba indasteri ba lefa sekheo se seholo le linaha tse tsoetseng pele.

(4) Litekanyetso tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho li ntse li e-ba thata ka ho fetisisa 'me likhoebo tse khutlelang morao lia felisoa
Tikoloho e ntle ea tikoloho ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea moruo oa naha. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mmuso o hlahisitse litlhoko tse phahameng mabapi le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le litekanyetso tse ntseng li eketseha tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho.
Metsi a litšila, khase e litšila le litšila tse tiileng tse hlahisoang tšebetsong ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle li tla ba le phello e itseng tikolohong ea tikoloho. Ka hona, likhoebo tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale li tlameha ho ela hloko ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, ho laola ka nepo tšilafalo e teng, le ho kenya ts'ebetsong litekanyetso tse amehang tsa tlhahiso ea naha.
Ntlafatso ea litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e thusa indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale ho matlafatsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tse baballang tikoloho, ho matlafatsa tlholisano ea lihlahisoa, ho felisa likhoebo tse salang morao, e le ho etsa hore indasteri e hlophise tlholisano.