Kamora lilemo tse ka bang lekholo tsa nts'etsopele, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale ea Chaena e fetohile naha e holang ka potlako lefatšeng, potoloho ea indasteri ho feta Europe, United States le Japane le Korea Boroa potoloho ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale e khutsufalitsoe haholo, eo Europe le United States le linaheng tse ling li hlokang mashome a lilemo ho fihlela mohatong oa sekala, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale ea Chaena e se e le lilemo tse 'maloa feela e felile. Phapang ke hore kamora mohato o moholo oa indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale Europe le United States, palo ea lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale tse tšehetsoang ke theknoloji e phahameng e eketsehile haholo, ha Chaena, ka lebaka la nts'etsopele e fokolang ea theknoloji, palo ea phepelo ea 'maraka ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle e eketsehile butle.

E lumela hore lilemong tse 5-10 tse tlang, ts'ebetso e kholo ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale ea Chaena e tla fela, 'me ts'ebetso ea nts'etsopele e ntle e tla potlaka. Hona joale, ho na le litsi tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso tsa lehae, haholo-holo tse amanang le likhoebo tse etellang pele, tse eketsang matsete lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle.

Bakeng sa tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle tsa Chaena, Pingtou Brother o akarelitse lintlha tse latelang, ea pele, tšebeliso ea li-hydrocarbon tse nang le khabone e tlase e le thepa e tala bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse tebileng tsa tataiso ea ts'ebetso, tse tlase li shebane le li-intermediate tsa meriana, li-intermediate tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le masimo a mang. Ea bobeli, bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tebileng le ts'ebeliso ea li-hydrocarbon tsa polycarbon, tse tlase ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tse ntle tsa maemo a holimo, li-auxiliaries le masimo a mang; Ea boraro, bakeng sa karohano le tlhoekiso ea thepa e tala ea hydrocarbon e nang le khabone e phahameng le ts'ebetso e tebileng le ts'ebeliso, tse tlase ka har'a masimo a li-surfactants le li-plasticizers.

Ho ya ka pono ya ditjeo, katoloso ya indasteri ya dikhemikhale tse ntle tsa thepa e tala e nang le khabone e tlase ke tsela e theko e tlase ya tlhahiso le dipatlisiso hajwale. Hona jwale, ditheo tse mmalwa tsa dipatlisiso tsa saense Chaena di ntse di atolosa ka mafolofolo dipatlisiso tsa dikhasekhabone tse nang le khabone e tlase dikhemikhaleng tse ntle. Dihlahiswa tse emelang ke katoloso e ntle ya dikhemikhale ya ketane ya indasteri ya isobutylene le katoloso e ntle ya dikhemikhale ya ketane ya indasteri ya aniline.

Ho ea ka lipatlisiso tsa pele, ketane ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle tse fetang 50 tse ka tlase ho isobutylene e hloekileng haholo e atolositsoe, 'me ketane ea indasteri ea lihlahisoa tse ka tlase e na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ntlafatso. Ho na le mefuta e fetang 60 ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle tse ka tlase ho ketane ea indasteri ea aniline, le litaelo tse ngata tsa ts'ebeliso tse ka tlase ho ketane.

Hona jwale, aniline e hlahiswa haholo-holo ke ho kenngwa ha nitrobenzene ka hydrogenation ya catalytic, e leng tlhahiso ya hydrogenation ya nitric acid, hydrogen le benzene e hlwekileng e le thepa e tala. E sebediswa tlase ho MDI, disebediswa tsa rabara, didae le di-intermediate tsa meriana, di-additives tsa peterole le masimo a mang. Benzene e hlwekileng dikgwebong tsa ho hlwekisa le tsa tlhahiso ya dikhemikhale e ke ke ya kopanngwa le dihlahiswa tsa oli, e leng se kgothaletsang katoloso le tshebediso ya ketane ya diindasteri e tlase ya benzene e hlwekileng, mme e se e le setsi sa indasteri ya dipatlisiso le ntshetsopele ya dikhemikhale.

Ho ya ka diindasteri tse fapaneng tse sebediswang dihlahisweng tse ka tlase tsa aniline, e ka arolwa ka diindasteri tse latelang: Ya pele, tshebediso lefapheng la di-accelerator tsa rabara le di-antioxidants e ka arolwa ka dihlahiswa tse hlano, e leng p-amino-diphenylamine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine le dicyclohexylamine. Bongata ba dihlahiswa tsena tsa aniline di sebediswa lefapheng la di-antioxidants tsa rabara, tse kang p-amino-diphenylamine e ka hlahisa di-antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D jj.

Tšimong ea ho potlakisa rabara le tšebeliso ea antioxidant, aniline e theohelang ka tlase tšimong ea rabara ke tataiso ea bohlokoa ea tšebeliso, e etsang hoo e ka bang 11% ea kakaretso ea tšebeliso e theohelang ea aniline, lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong tse emelang ke p-amino-diphenylamine le hydroquinone.

Har'a metsoako ea diazo, ho sebelisoa aniline le nitrate le lihlahisoa tse ling, lihlahisoa tse ka hlahisoang ke p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyabenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene le tse ling. Lihlahisoa tsena li sebelisoa haholo masimong a lidae, meriana le li-intermediate tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana. Lihlahisoa tse emelang ke: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, e leng dae ea azo ea maiketsetso, dae ea hose, dae e hasaneng, 'me e boetse e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea lipente le mebala le e le sesupo. P-hydroxyaniline e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea FBG e putsoa ea sebabole, 5G e mosehla o bobebe le lidae tse ling, tlhahiso ea paracetamol, antamine le lithethefatsi tse ling, empa hape e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea bahlahisi, li-antioxidants le tse ling.

Ho ea ka lipatlisiso, hajoale, metsoako ea aniline e sebelisoang indastering ea dae ea Chaena ke boholo ba p-amino-abenzene hydrochloride le p-hydroxyaniline, e etsang hoo e ka bang 1% ea tšebeliso ea aniline e theohelang, e leng tataiso ea bohlokoa ea tšebeliso ea metsoako ea naetrojene e theohelang aniline, 'me hape ke tataiso ea bohlokoa ea lipatlisiso tsa theknoloji ea indasteri ea hona joale.

Tšebeliso e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea aniline ke ho halogenation ha aniline, joalo ka tlhahiso ea p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea le lihlahisoa tse ling. Ka lebaka la palo e kholo ea lihlahisoa tsa halogenation tsa aniline, ho hakanngoa esale pele hore ho na le mefuta e ka bang 20, e leng se fetohileng tataiso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa katoloso ea ketane ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale e ntle ea aniline.

Lihlahisoa tse theohelang tse sebelisang aniline halogenation, tse kang o-chloraniline, li sebelisetsoa tlhahiso ea sulfonamides e putsoa ea sebabole, lidae tsa 5G tse mosehla o bobebe oa asiti e fokolang, tlhahiso ea paracetamol, antamine le meriana e meng, empa hape le tlhahiso ea bahlahisi, li-antioxidants le tse ling. Diphenyl thiourea e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea li-accelerator tsa vulcanization, li-capsule tsa vulcanization, lithaere tsa metsi, terata le thapo, hammoho le meriana le li-intermediate tsa dae. N-acetoacetanilide e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea sulfonamides, li-analgesic, leqhoa le li-preservative tsa rabara.

Ho ea ka tlhahlobo e sa fellang, palo ea lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tse ntle tsa aniline tse nang le halogenated li etsa hoo e ka bang 40% ea palo ea lik'hemik'hale tsa aniline tse ka tlase, empa lihlahisoa tsena li sebelisoa haholo masimong a maemo a holimo, 'me sekala ka kakaretso ha se seholo. Ka nts'etsopele e matla ea tšimo ea meriana, lipatlisiso tsa tekheniki tsa halogenation ea aniline le tsona e fetohile tataiso ea bohlokoa ea nts'etsopele ea lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea Chaena.

Karabelo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea aniline ke karabelo ea phokotso, joalo ka aniline le haeterojene ho hlahisa cyclohexane, aniline le sulfuric acid e matlafalitsoeng le soda ash ho hlahisa dicyclohexane, aniline le sulfuric acid le sulfur trioxide ho hlahisa p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Mofuta ona oa karabelo o hloka palo e kholo ea lisebelisoa tse thusang, 'me palo ea lihlahisoa tse theohelang ha e kholo, 'me ho hakanngoa hore ho na le lihlahisoa tse ka bang hlano. 

Har'a tsona, tse kang p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, tlhahiso ea lidae tsa azo, jj., tse sebelisoang e le reagent ea litšupiso, reagent ea liteko le reagent ea tlhahlobo ea chromatographic, 'me li ka boela tsa sebelisoa e le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ho thibela lefu la mafome a koro. Dicyclohexylamine, ke ho lokisa metsoako ea dae, hammoho le mafome a koro a chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, le ho lokisa linoko.

Maemo a karabelo ea phokotso ea aniline a boima haholo, 'me hajoale, Chaena e shebane haholo le mohato oa tlhahiso ea laboratori le ea tekanyo e nyane, 'me karolo ea ts'ebeliso e nyane haholo, e leng se seng tataiso e ka sehloohong ea katoloso ea ketane ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale e tlase ea aniline.

Tšebeliso ea aniline e le thepa e tala ea katoloso e ntle ea ketane ea lik'hemik'hale indastering, ho na le karabelo ea arylation, karabelo ea alkylation, karabelo ea oxidation le nitrification, karabelo ea cyclization, karabelo ea aldehyde condensation le karabelo e rarahaneng ea motsoako. Aniline e ka nka karolo liketsong tse ngata tsa lik'hemik'hale, 'me ho na le lits'ebetso tse ngata tse latelang. Re tla tsoela pele ho etsa tlhahlobo e itseng ea eona, ka kopo e lebelle ka thabo.