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khamphani ea indasteri ea mit-ivy
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Lumela, enoa ke CEO athena ho tsoa indastering ea lik'hemik'hale ea mit-ivy Chaena.
Li-Intermediate: Li-intermediate tsa Dyestuff ke lekala la bohlokoa haholo indastering e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale, 'me nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea dae e itšetlehile ka nts'etsopele ea li-intermediate tse tsamaeang le eona.
Tlhahiso ea li-dyestuff le li-pigment tse kopanyang mebala Chaena e ntlafalitsoe haholo ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1950. Ka tlholisano e ntseng e eketseha 'marakeng, li-dyestuff le li-pigment tse kopanyang mebala li ntlafalitsoe theknolojing ea tlhahiso; li entse tsoelo-pele likarolong tse 'maloa tse kang ho nts'etsapele mefuta e mecha, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, ho etsa lipatlisiso ka mekhoa e mecha, ts'ebeliso e ncha ea mefuta ea khale, ho sireletsa tikoloho, jj., le ho amohela theknoloji e hloekileng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-dyestuff le li-pigment tse kopanyang mebala.
1
Nts'etsopele ea tšebeliso ea li-intermediate

Ha e le hantle, tšebeliso ea nts'etsopele ea li-intermediate e na le mahlakore a mangata, e 'ngoe e sebelisoang ho daestuff e bitsoang li-intermediate tsa dae, 'me e sebelisoa ho chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, meriana le tse bitsoang chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, li-intermediate tsa meriana. Li-intermediate li lokela ho nkoa e le lekala la indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ka kakaretso, ha lia lokela ho aroloa ka thata ka li-intermediate tsa daestuff, li-intermediate tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, li-intermediate tsa meriana ka indasteri, e leng se tla fokotsa boholo ba ts'ebeliso ea li-intermediate tse ling le ho ama nts'etsopele ea tsona.

Patlisiso ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle e khetholloa ka mefuta e mengata, ho phaella ho mefuta e 'maloa ea sekala sa tlhahiso se seholo haholo, mefuta e mengata ea tonnage ha e kholo haholo, empa ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa hangata e rarahane, e kenyelletsang liketso tse ngata tsa yuniti le ts'ebetso ea karohano, tlhahiso e boetse e hlahisa palo e kholo ea "litšila tse tharo" tse hlokang ho sebetsoa hantle. Ka hona, re lokela ho kenella lipatlisisong tsa ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tsa letoto le ho hlophisa tlhahiso ea li-intermediate ka nepo e le hore re fumane melemo e metle ea sekala.

Ho latela boemo ba linaha tsa kantle ho naha, lipatlisiso le tlhahiso ea li-intermediate li atisa ho shejoa hantle ho fihlela tlhahiso ea letoto, sete ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso e ka hlahisa mefuta e 'maloa ho isa ho e leshome le metso e' meli ea li-intermediate, lipatlisiso le tlhahiso e joalo ka nts'etsopele e akaretsang, tšebeliso ea theknoloji e ncha e bonolo ho e kenya tšebetsong, e tla fihlela sephetho habeli ka halofo ea boiteko. Boemo ba Japane e ka ba bakeng sa litšupiso tsa rona, tlhahiso ea pele ea li-intermediate Japane le eona e hasane haholo, ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1960 e bile makhetlo a supileng ho lokisa, ho tsepamisa maikutlo.

Ka phetoho le nts'etsopele, indasteri ea Chaena ea ho daea le ho kopanya mebala e fapaneng e fihlile boemong bo holimo mabapi le boholo ba tlhahiso, theknoloji le boemo ba lisebelisoa, e leng se ke keng sa khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea ho daea le ho kopanya mebala ea lapeng feela, empa hape se fana ka mefuta e mengata ea boleng bo holimo bakeng sa linaha tse ling.

Lisebelisoa tse tala tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho kopanya metsoako e mahareng li fumanoa haholo-holo lihlahisoa tsa indasteri ea peterole le lik'hemik'hale tsa coking, tseo boholo ba tsona e leng benzene, naphthalene, metsoako ea anthraquinone, le metsoako e meng ea heterocyclic, 'me mebala ea tlhaho e lokisitsoeng ka metsoako ea heterocyclic e mahareng e ntse e eketseha lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ho phaella moo, phenanthrene, pyridine, oksijene fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, letoto la metsoako ea biphenyl, lisebelisoa tsena tse rarahaneng tse sebelisoang tlhahisong ea lidae, joale tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa maiketsetso e tla ata haholo ebile e atile.
2
Likarabelo tse tloaelehileng tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang bakeng sa li-intermediate

Ho sebetsana le thepa e tala hore e be metsoako ea 'mala (mebala) ea lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang haholo ke tse latelang.
(1) karabelo ea sulfonation
(2) Karabelo ea nitration
(3) karabelo ea halogenation
(4) Karabelo ea phokotso ea ho lokisa li-amino
(5) Karabelo ea Diazotization (hangata e tsamaea le karabelo ea ho kopanya)
(6) karabelo ea alkali fusion ho nkela sehlopha sa sulfonic acid sebaka ho hydroxyl
(7) Karabelo ea Acylation
(8) Karabelo ea oxidation
(9) karabelo ea ho kolobisoa ha metsi le khabone
(10) Karabelo ea monko o monate (haholo-holo amino)
(11) karabelo e ts'oanang ea lihlopha tsa hydroxyl le amino
(12) karabelo ea hydroxyl kapa amino hydrocarbonation
Ho ya ka sebopeho sa lesale le leholo la monko o monate la dikhemikhale tse nyane, dikhemikhale tsena di ka arolwa ka sistimi ya aliphatic, sistimi ya benzene, sistimi ya naphthalene, sistimi ya anthraquinone, sistimi ya heterocyclic le sistimi ya lesale le teteaneng. Naha ya rona e ka hlahisa mefuta e fetang 400 ya dikhemikhale tse mahareng tse kang benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic le dikhemikhale tse ding tsa ho daya le pigment, tse ka fihlelang ditlhoko tsa ntshetsopele ya indasteri ya ho daya le pigment.
Setšoantšo
3
Mefuta e meholo ea sistimi ea benzene

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N-ethylaniline, m-hydroxy-diethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o- le p-aminoanisole, DSD N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxyaniline, 2-4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- le para-esters, jj.
4
Mefuta e meholo ea li-intermediate tse thehiloeng ho Naphthalene

2-naphthol, H-asidi, K-asidi, 2,3-asidi, 2,6-asidi, tartaric acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4-asidi oxygenate, J-asidi, peri-asidi, γ-asidi, G-asidi, R-asidi, amino K-asidi, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-asidi, jj. Mefuta e meholo ya di-intermediate tse thehilweng ho anthraquinone ke: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, jj.
5
Mefuta e meholo e nang le di-heterocyclic le thick-ringed

Melamine, asiti ea barbituric, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, tetracarboxylic anhydride, jj.