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Li-Intermediates: Li-dyestuff intermediates ke lekala la bohlokoa haholo la indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale, 'me tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea dyestuff e itšetlehile ka tsoelo-pele ea li-intermediates tse tsamaeang le eona.
Tlhahiso ea li-dyestuff le li-pigment intermediates Chaena e ntlafalitsoe haholo ho tloha ka bo-1950. Ka tlholisano e ntseng e eketseha e matla 'marakeng, li-dyestuff le li-pigment intermediates li ntlafalitsoe theknoloji ea tlhahiso; ba entse khatelo-pele likarolong tse 'maloa tse kang ho hlahisa mefuta e mecha, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, ho etsa lipatlisiso ka mekhoa e mecha, tšebeliso e ncha ea mefuta ea khale, ho sireletsa tikoloho, joalo-joalo, le ho sebelisa theknoloji e hloekileng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea dyestuff le pigment intermediates.
1
Nts'etsopele ea ts'ebeliso ea lipakeng

Ha e le hantle, ts'ebeliso ea tsoelo-pele ea li-intermediates e na le mefuta e mengata, e itseng e bohareng e sebelisoang ho dae e bitsoang dye intermediates, 'me e sebelisoa ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, meriana le e bitsoang chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, meriana ea meriana. Li-Intermediates li lokela ho nkoa e le lekala la indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ka kakaretso, ha ea lokela ho aroloa ka thata ka li-dyestuff intermediates, li-intermediates tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, li-intermediates tsa meriana ke indasteri, e leng ho tla fokotsa boholo ba tšebeliso ea li-intermediates tse ling le ho ama tsoelo-pele ea bona.

Patlisiso e ntle ea li-intermediates tsa lik'hemik'hale e tšoauoa ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng, ntle le mefuta e 'maloa ea tekanyo ea tlhahiso e kholo haholo, mefuta e mengata ea lithane tse ngata ha e kholo haholo, empa mokhoa oa ho itokisa hangata o rarahane, o kenyelletsang likarolo tse ngata tsa likarolo le mokhoa oa ho arohana. , tlhahiso e ile ea boela ea hlahisa palo e kholo ea "litšila tse tharo" tse lokelang ho tšoaroa hantle. Ka hona, re lokela ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa letoto la lihlahisoa le ho hlophisa tlhahiso ea li-intermediate ka mokhoa o utloahalang e le hore re fumane melemo e metle.

Ho tloha maemong a linaha tsa kantle, lipatlisiso le tlhahiso ea li-intermediates li na le ho tsepamisa maikutlo hantle ho fihlela tlhahiso ea letoto, sete sa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso se ka hlahisa mefuta e mengata ho isa ho e leshome le metso e 'meli ea li-intermediates, lipatlisiso tse joalo le tlhahiso ka nts'etsopele e akaretsang, ts'ebeliso ea thekenoloji e ncha e bonolo ho e kenya ts'ebetsong, e tla finyella habeli sephetho ka halofo ea boiteko. Boemo ba Japane bo ka ba bakeng sa litšupiso tsa rona, tlhahiso ea pele ea li-intermediates Japane e boetse e hasane haholo, ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1960 e bile makhetlo a supileng ho lokisa, ho tsepamisa maikutlo.

Ka phetoho le nts'etsopele, indasteri ea ho daea le pigment intermediates ea Chaena e fihlile boemong bo phahameng ka tekanyo ea tlhahiso, theknoloji le boemo ba lisebelisoa, tse ke keng tsa finyella litlhoko tsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea ho daea le ea pigment, empa hape e fana ka li-intermediates tsa boleng bo phahameng. bakeng sa linaha tse ling.

Lisebelisoa tse tala tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho qaptjoa ha li-intermediate li fumaneha haholo lihlahisoa tsa petroleum le indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tsa coking, tseo boholo ba tsona e leng benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, hammoho le metsoako e meng ea heterocyclic, le li-pigments tse entsoeng ka metsoako ea heterocyclic. ho phahama lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ho phaella moo, phenanthrene, pyridine, oksijene fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, letoto la metsoako ea biphenyl, lisebelisoa tsena tse rarahaneng tse sebelisoang ho etsa lidae, joale tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa tse tala e tla ata le ho ata.
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Liphetoho tse tloaelehileng haholo tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ho li-intermediates

Ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tse tala hore e be dae ('mala) li-intermediate tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang haholo ke tse latelang.
(1) karabelo ea sulfone
(2) Karabelo ea naetration
(3) karabelo ea halogenation
(4) Karabelo ea ho fokotsa ho lokisa amino
(5) Diazotization reaction (hangata e tsamaisana le karabelo ea coupling)
(6) karabelo ea fusion ea alkali ho nka sebaka sa sehlopha sa sulfonic acid ho hydroxyl
(7) Acylation reaction
(8) Karabelo ea oxidation
(9) condensation le carbonation reaction
(10) Maikutlo a monko (haholo amino)
(11) karabelo e fapaneng ea hydroxyl le lihlopha tsa amino
(12) hydroxyl kapa amino hydrocarbonation reaction
Ho ea ka sebopeho sa selikalikoe se ka sehloohong se nkhang hamonate sa li-intermediate tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale, li-intermediate li ka aroloa ka mokhoa oa aliphatic, benzene system, naphthalene system, anthraquinone system, heterocyclic system le tsamaiso e teteaneng ea selikalikoe. Naha ea rona e ka hlahisa mefuta e fetang 400 ea li-intermediate tse kang benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic le mefuta e meng ea ho daea le ea pigment, e ka finyellang litlhoko tsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea ho daea le ea pigment.
Setšoantšo
3
Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea tsamaiso ea benzene

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N- ethylaniline, m-hydroxy-diethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o- le p-aminoanisole, DSD N-methyl-m-toluidine , N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N -methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N -ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxyaniline, 2-4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy -3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- le para-esters, joalo-joalo.
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Mefuta e ka sehloohong e thehiloeng ho Naphthalene

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, tartaric acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4-acid oxygenate, J-acid, peri-asiti, γ- acid, G-letsoai, R-letsoai, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R- acid, joalo-joalo Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea li-intermediate tse thehiloeng ho anthraquinone ke: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzoyl. anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, joalo-joalo.
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Mefuta e meholo ea Heterocyclic le e teteaneng

Melamine, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N- ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, tetracarboxylic anhydride, joalo-joalo.