Lilemong tsa morao tjena, linaha tse fapa-fapaneng lefatšeng ka bophara, haholo-holo linaha tse tsoetseng pele indastering, li ile tsa nka ntshetsopele ea lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale e le e 'ngoe ea maano a bohlokoa a nts'etsopele bakeng sa ntlafatso ea sebopeho le tokiso ea liindasteri tsa khale tsa lik'hemik'hale, 'me indasteri ea tsona ea lik'hemik'hale e tsoetse pele ka tsela eo. ya “phapanyo” le “ntlafatso”. Ka tsoelopele e tsoelang pele ea moruo oa sechaba, tlhoko ea batho ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, likoloi, indasteri ea mechini, thepa e ncha ea kaho, matla a macha le lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e tla eketseha. Lik'hemik'hale tsa elektronike le tlhahisoleseding, lik'hemik'hale tsa boenjiniere ba holim'a metsi, lik'hemik'hale tsa meriana, joalo-joalo.
* Lik'hemik'hale tse ntle
Lik'hemik'hale tse ntle li bua ka lik'hemik'hale tse nang le tekheniki e phahameng, boleng bo phahameng bo ekelitsoeng le bohloeki bo phahameng tse ka ntlafatsang kapa tsa fa sehlahisoa (mofuta) ka mesebetsi e itseng kapa tse nang le ts'ebetso e khethehileng tlhahisong le ts'ebetsong ea lihlopha tse nyenyane, 'me e le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tsa motheo. Sehlahisoa sa ts'ebetso e tebileng.
Ka 1986, Lekala la mehleng la Indasteri ea Lik’hemik’hale le ile la arola lihlahisoa tsa lik’hemik’hale tse ntle ka lihlopha tse 11: (1) chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana; (2) lidae; (3) lipente (ho kopanyelletsa le lipente le li-inks); (4) li-pigments; (5) li-reagents le lintho tse hloekileng haholo (6) Lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhahisoleseling (ho kenyeletsoa lisebelisoa tse nkang lifoto, lisebelisoa tsa makenete le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse ka amohelang maqhubu a motlakase); (7) Lisebelisoa tsa lijo le lijo; (8) Likhomaretsi; (9) Li-Catalysts le li-additives tse sa tšoaneng; (10) Lik'hemik'hale (lisebelisoa tse tala) le lik'hemik'hale tsa letsatsi le letsatsi (tse hlahisoang ke tsamaiso ea lik'hemik'hale); (11) Lisebelisoa tsa polymer tse sebetsang ka polymer polymer (ho kenyeletsoa lifilimi tse sebetsang, lisebelisoa tsa polarizing, joalo-joalo). Ka nts'etsopele ea moruo oa naha, nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle li tla tsoela pele ho ata, 'me lihlopha tse ncha li tla tsoela pele ho eketseha.
Lik'hemik'hale tse ntle li na le litšobotsi tse latelang:
(1) Mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa
Ho na le mekhahlelo e 40-50 ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle lefatšeng ka bophara, tse nang le mefuta e fetang 100,000. Lik'hemik'hale tse ntle li sebelisoa likarolong tsohle tsa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi, tse kang meriana, dae, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, liaparo, lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa lik'hemik'hale, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike, lik'hemik'hale tsa pampiri, li-inks, li-additives tsa lijo, lisebelisoa tsa lijo, ho hloekisa metsi, joalo-joalo, hammoho le moeeng. , biotechnology, Theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling, lisebelisoa tse ncha, theknoloji e ncha ea matla, tšireletso ea tikoloho le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa theknoloji e phahameng li sebelisoa haholo.
(2) Theknoloji e rarahaneng ea tlhahiso
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle, 'me sehlahisoa se le seng sa bohareng se ka fetisetsoa ho tse' maloa kapa esita le tse ngata tsa lihlahisoa bakeng sa merero e fapaneng ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Mokhoa oa tlhahiso o rarahane ebile oa fetoha, 'me theknoloji e rarahane. Mefuta eohle ea lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale li hloka ho ntlafatsoa ka laboratoring, tlhahlobo e nyane, tlhahlobo ea lifofane, ebe ho etsoa tlhahiso e kholo. Li boetse li hloka ho ntlafatsoa kapa ho ntlafatsoa ka nako ho latela liphetoho litlhoko tsa bareki ba tlase. Litlhoko tsa botsitso ba boleng ba sehlahisoa li phahame, 'me k'hamphani e hloka ho hlahisa Tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho bokella boiphihlelo ts'ebetsong. Ka hona, nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale ka likaroloana, ho bokella boiphihlelo lits'ebetsong tsa tlhahiso le bokhoni ba ho nchafatsa ke tlholisano ea mantlha ea khoebo e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale.
(3) Boleng bo phahameng bo ekelitsoeng ba lihlahisoa
Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e amehang lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale e batla e le telele 'me e hloka ts'ebetso e mengata ea likarolo tse ngata. Mokhoa oa ho etsa lintho o batla o rarahane. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e kopana le maemo a bonolo a karabelo, tikoloho e bolokehileng ea ts'ebetso, le ts'ebetso e khethehileng ea lik'hemik'hale ho fihlela lik'hemik'hale Karohano e bonolo le tlhahiso e phahameng ea sehlahisoa e hloka theknoloji ea boemo bo holimo le lisebelisoa tsa karabelo. Ka hona, lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale hangata li na le boleng bo phahameng bo ekelitsoeng.
(4) Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lihlahisoa tse kopantsoeng
Lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang, lik'hemik'hale tse ntle li hlaha e le mesebetsi e akaretsang ea lihlahisoa. Sena se hloka tlhahlobo ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale ka har'a motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale, le ho sebelisa ka botlalo tšebelisano-'moho ea lik'hemik'hale tse ntle le metsoako e meng tlhahisong ea mefuta ea litekanyetso. Ho na le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale tlhahiso ea indasteri, 'me ho thata hore sehlahisoa se le seng se finyelle litlhoko tsa tlhahiso kapa tšebeliso. Nka indasteri ea ho hloekisa metsi moo k'hamphani e leng teng e le mohlala. Lik'hemik'hale tse khethehileng tse sebelisoang tšimong ena li kenyelletsa li-fungicides le algaecides, Scale agents, corrosion inhibitors, flocculants, joalo-joalo, le lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa morero o mong le o mong li ka kopanngoa ke lik'hemik'hale tse 'maloa.
(5) Sehlahisoa se na le viscosity e phahameng ho bareki ba tlase
Lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tse ntle ka kakaretso li sebelisoa libakeng tse itseng tsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea indasteri kapa ho fihlela mesebetsi e itseng ea lihlahisoa tse tlase. Ka hona, basebelisi ba na le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa boleng ba sehlahisoa le botsitso, 'me mokhoa oa khetho ea bafani le litekanyetso li thata haholoanyane. Hang ha e kentsoe lethathamong la barekisi, E ke ke ea nkeloa sebaka habonolo.