Jwalo ka karolo ya bohlokwa ya indasteri ya thepa e ntjha, indasteri ya thepa e ntjha ya dikhemikhale ke tshimo e ntjha e nang le matla le bokgoni bo eketsehileng ba ntshetsopele indastering ya dikhemikhale. Maano a kang "Morero wa Dilemo tse Hlano wa bo 14" le leano la "Khabone e Habedi" kaofela a tsamaisitse theknoloji ya phello ya indasteri ka tsela e ntle.

Disebediswa tse ntjha tsa dikhemikhale di kenyeletsa fluorine ya tlhaho, silicon ya tlhaho, poloko ya matla, tshireletso ya tikoloho, dikhemikhale tsa elektroniki, enke le disebediswa tse ding tse ntjha. Di bua ka tse ntseng di ntshetswa pele le tse ntseng di ntshetswa pele tse nang le tshebetso e ntle kapa mesebetsi e itseng e ikgethang eo disebediswa tsa dikhemikhale tsa setso di se nang yona. Tsa disebediswa tse ntjha tsa dikhemikhale. Disebediswa tse ntjha tsa dikhemikhale di na le sebaka se seholo sa tshebediso masimong a dikoloi, dipalangwang tsa terene, difofane, tlhahisoleseding ya elektroniki, disebediswa tsa maemo a hodimo, poloko ya matla le tshireletso ya tikoloho, disebediswa tsa bongaka, le kaho ya ditoropo.

Lihlopha tse ka sehloohong tsa thepa e ncha ea lik'hemik'hale
Dihlopha ho ya ka dihlopha tsa diindasteri, disebediswa tse ntjha tsa dikhemikhale di kenyeletsa dihlopha tse tharo: e nngwe ke dihlahiswa tsa dikhemikhale tsa maemo a hodimo masimong a matjha, e nngwe ke mefuta e meholo ya disebediswa tsa dikhemikhale tsa setso, mme ya boraro ke disebediswa tse ntjha tsa dikhemikhale tse hlahiswang ka tshebetso ya bobedi (dikobo tse phahameng, dikhomaretsi tsa maemo a hodimo), Disebediswa tsa lera tse sebetsang, jj.).

Lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'hale li kenyelletsa haholo-holo polasetiki ea boenjiniere le metsoako ea tsona, lisebelisoa tsa polymer tse sebetsang, silicon ea tlhaho, fluorine ea tlhaho, likhoele tse khethehileng, lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng, lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa elektroniki, lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa nano, rabara e khethehileng, polyurethane, li-polyolefin tse sebetsang hantle, liaparo tse khethehileng, tse khethehileng. Ho na le lihlopha tse fetang leshome ho kenyeletsoa likhomaretsi le li-additi tse khethehileng.

Leano le susumetsa boqapi ba theknoloji ba thepa e ncha ea lik'hemik'hale
Nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'hale Chaena e qalile lilemong tsa bo-1950 le bo-1960, 'me maano a tšehetso le a tloaelehileng a amanang le tsona a ile a hlahisoa ka tatellano ho theha tikoloho e ntle ea kholo bakeng sa indasteri e ncha ea lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale ea Chaena. Ho tloha qalong ea lekholo la bo21 la lilemo, lipatlisiso tsa Chaena mabapi le lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'hale li bile teng. Nts'etsopele e fihletse liphetho tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso tse atlehileng, 'me lisebelisoa tse ncha tse ntlafalitsoeng li sebelisitsoe ka katleho masimong a mangata' me li tlisitse litaba tse monate nts'etsopele ea liindasteri tse ngata Chaena.

Tlhahlobo ea moralo oa tekheniki o amanang le "Moralo oa Lilemo tse Hlano oa bo-14" bakeng sa indasteri e ncha ea lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale

Ha e tobane le "Morero oa Lilemo tse Hlano oa bo-14", ka lebaka la mathata ao indasteri e tobanang le 'ona ka bongata bo bonyenyane, sebopeho se sa utloahaleng, mahlale a fokolang a mantlha, khaello ea tšehetso bakeng sa mahlale a tloaelehileng, le mahlale a mantlha a laoloang ke a mang, Foramo ea Nts'etsopele ea Ntlafatso ea Indasteri ea Lintho tse Ncha e ikemiselitse ho lokisa mefokolo, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso, le ho khothaletsa lits'ebetso. , Ela hloko mesebetsi ea bohlokoa mahlakoreng a mane.

Ho ya ka “Tataiso ya Ntlafatso ya Dilemo tse Hlano ya Leshome le Metso e Mene bakeng sa Indasteri ya Disebediswa tse Ntjha tsa Dikhemikhale” e fanweng ke Mokgatlo wa Indasteri ya Petroleum le Dikhemikhale wa China ka Motsheanong 2021, ho rerilwe hore nakong ya “Moralo wa Dilemo tse Hlano wa bo 14”, lekeno le ka sehloohong la kgwebo la indasteri ya disebediswa tse ntjha tsa dikhemikhale ya naha ya heso le matsete a thepa e tsitsitseng Ho boloka kgolo e potlakileng le ho ikitlaelletsa ho fihlella diindasteri tse maemong a hodimo le tse fapaneng ka 2025, ka diphetoho tse kgolo mekgweng ya ntshetsopele le ntlafatso e kgolo boleng ba tshebetso ya moruo.

Tlhahlobo ea tšusumetso ea theknoloji ea indasteri e ncha ea lik'hemik'hale ka leano la ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone le tlhoro ea khabone

Ha e le hantle, leano la khabone e habeli le ntlafatsa sebopeho sa indasteri ka ho tswela pele le ho ntlafatsa boemo ba tekheniki ba indasteri ka ntshetsopele ka dithibelo, mme le kgothaletsa ntshetsopele ya moruo ka boleng bo hodimo le ka tsela e tsitsitseng haholoanyane. Ka ho sekaseka phetoho ya sebopeho sa lehlakore la phepelo le tlhokeho ya dihlahiswa tsa dikhemikhale, hlalosa phello e kgannang ya leano lena indastering e ntjha ya disebediswa tsa dikhemikhale.

Tšusumetso ea sepheo sa khabone e habeli ke haholo-holo ho ntlafatsa phepelo le ho hlahisa tlhoko. Ho ntlafatsa phepelo ho kenyelelitsoe khatellong ea bokhoni ba tlhahiso e khutlelang morao le khothatsong ea lits'ebetso tse ncha. Bokhoni bo bocha ba tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa lik'hemik'hale bo lekanyelitsoe ka tieo, haholo-holo tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla le lihlahisoa tse ngata tse ntšang mosi indastering ea lik'hemik'hale ea mashala ea setso. Ka hona, tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'hale tse ka nkeloang sebaka le tšebeliso ea li-catalyst tse ncha li sebelisoa ho eketsa sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse tala le ho eketsa khase ea mosi. Fokotsa mosi oa khabone 'me butle-butle u nke sebaka sa bokhoni ba tlhahiso bo setseng bo khutlela morao.

Mohlala, theknoloji ea morao-rao ea DMTO-III ea Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology ha e fokotse feela tšebeliso ea yuniti ea methanol ho lithane tse 2.66, catalyst e ncha e boetse e eketsa chai ea li-monomer tsa olefin, e qoba mohato oa ho petsoha ha C4/C5, 'me e fokotsa ka ho toba mesi e tsoang ka carbon dioxide. Ho phaella moo, theknoloji e ncha ea BASF e nkela khase ea tlhaho sebaka e le mohloli oa mocheso bakeng sa ho petsoha ha ethylene ka mouoane o mocha o nang le li-heater tsa motlakase, tse ka fokotsang mesi e tsoang ka carbon dioxide ho fihlela ho 90%.

Ho thehoa ha tlhoko ho boetse ho na le meelelo e 'meli: e 'ngoe ke ho atolosa tlhoko ea ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'hale tse seng li ntse li le teng, 'me e 'ngoe ke ho nkela thepa ea khale sebaka ka lisebelisoa tse ncha tse sireletsang tikoloho le tse ntšang khabone e tlase. Ea pele e nka matla a macha e le mohlala. Likoloi tse ncha tsa matla li sebelisa palo e kholo ea lisebelisoa tse kang li-elastomer tsa thermoplastic, tse eketsang ka ho toba tlhoko ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tse amanang le lik'hemik'hale. Qetellong, ho nkeloa sebaka ha lisebelisoa tsa khale ke lisebelisoa tse ncha ho ke ke ha eketsa haholo palo eohle ea tlhoko ea terminal, 'me ho eketsehileng ho tla ama ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse tala. Mohlala, kamora ho khothaletsoa ha polasetiki e senyehang, ts'ebeliso ea lifilimi tsa polasetiki tsa setso e fokotsehile.

Tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea tekheniki ea libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'hale
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ho ea ka boholo ba indasteri ea lintho tse arotsoeng ka likaroloana le tekanyo ea tlholisano, lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'hale li arotsoe ka mefuta e meraro e meholo ea mahlale le masimo a ts'ebeliso ea tsona: lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa polymer, lisebelisoa tse kopaneng tse sebetsang hantle, le lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sa pheleng.

Theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea thepa ea polymer

Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa polymer li kenyelletsa haholo-holo rabara ea silicone, fluoroelastomer, polycarbonate, silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polasetiki e bolang, polyurethane, le lera la phapanyetsano ea ion, le lihlopha tse fapaneng tse nyane. Mahlale a tsebahalang a lihlopha tse nyane a akaretsoa le ho hlahlojoa. Theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea thepa ea polymer ea Chaena e na le kabo e pharaletseng le mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso. Har'a tsona, masimo a metsoako ea polymer ea tlhaho le likarolo tsa motheo tsa motlakase a sebetsa haholo.

Lisebelisoa tse kopaneng tse sebetsang hantle haholo

Libaka tse hlahelletseng tsa lipatlisiso tsa indasteri ea thepa e kopaneng ea Chaena e sebetsang hantle ke metsoako ea polymer ea tlhaho, likarolo tsa motheo tsa motlakase, le mekhoa kapa lisebelisoa tse akaretsang tsa 'mele kapa tsa lik'hemik'hale, tse etsang hoo e ka bang 50%; Lintho tsa tlhaho tsa limolek'hule li sebelisoa e le metsoako, 'me mekhoa kapa lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ho fetolela matla a lik'hemik'hale ka kotloloho hore e be matla a motlakase li sebetsa haholo ka botekgeniki.

Lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sa pheleng

Hona jwale, dikhemikhale tse ntjha tse sa pheleng di kenyeletsa haholo-holo graphene, fullerene, phosphoric acid ya elektroniki le dihlopha tse ding tse nyane. Leha ho le jwalo, ka kakaretso, ntshetsopele ya theknoloji e ntjha ya dikhemikhale tse sa pheleng e tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo, mme dibaka tse sebetsang tsa theknoloji e nang le patente di tsepamisitse maikutlo dikarolong tsa motheo tsa motlakase, metsoako e phahameng ya dimolek'hule tsa tlhaho, k'hemistri e sa pheleng le masimo a mang.

Nakong ea "Morero oa Lilemo tse Hlano oa bo-14", mmuso o thehile maano a amehang ho khothaletsa le ho tataisa nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea indasteri e ncha ea lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale, 'me indasteri e ncha ea lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale e fetohile e 'ngoe ea libaka tseo' maraka oa Chaena o ntseng o hola hantle hona joale. Tlhahlobo e shebileng pele e lumela hore bakeng sa indasteri e ncha ea lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale, ka lehlakoreng le leng, maano a tataisa tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea indasteri e ncha ea lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale, 'me ka lehlakoreng le leng, maano a molemo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea indasteri e ncha ea lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale, ebe a khothaletsa chelete ea sechaba ho eketsa lipatlisiso tse ncha le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji e ncha ea lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ka matsete, ts'ebetso ea theknoloji ea indasteri e ncha ea lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale e ntse e chesa ka potlako.